Ausencia de procedimientos claros y estandarizados para la aplicación de la técnica especial agente encubierto previsto en la Ley N.º 30077 en la Dirección Nacional de Investigación Criminal de la PNP, en Lima Metropolitana, 2024-2025
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Date
2026-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad del Pacífico
Abstract
En el Perú, el crimen organizado ha alcanzado un nivel de sofisticación que desafía la capacidad operativa del Estado y pone en riesgo la integridad de quienes lo enfrentan. En la Policía Nacional del Perú, la Dirección Nacional de Investigación Criminal (DIRNIC–PNP) es la unidad especializada responsable de neutralizar estas organizaciones, donde la operatividad del agente encubierto constituye el instrumento clave para la infiltración y la desarticulación de estas redes. Sin embargo, esta investigación demuestra que su aplicación carece de procedimientos claros y estandarizados. A partir del análisis normativo, entrevistas a policías especializados y fiscales vinculados a crimen organizado, y la revisión de experiencias internacionales, se detectaron actuaciones empíricas, criterios dispersos y riesgos críticos para la seguridad del personal policial, lo que pone en tela de juicio su efectividad y explica el limitado despliegue de dicha técnica. Ante esta situación, se propone el Procedimiento Operativo Estandarizado del Agente Encubierto (POE-AE), coloquialmente llamado “Juan Pérez”, que busca asegurar legalidad, trazabilidad, coordinación fiscal-policial y protección integral del agente. Para ello, se establece una hoja de ruta que cubre tanto su aprobación como su despliegue institucional. Para asegurar su implementación progresiva, hacía el final del documento se presentan los instrumentos técnicos que sustentan la propuesta, entre ellos la matriz de indicadores, el cronograma de implementación y los hitos críticos del proyecto, así como la estimación presupuestal, la propuesta de articulación interinstitucional mediante acuerdos de cooperación (MOUs), el plan piloto con su estrategia de gestión del cambio y los instrumentos utilizados para la validación de la propuesta.
In Peru, organized crime has reached a level of sophistication that challenges the operational capacity of the State and puts at risk the integrity of those who confront it. Within the Peruvian National Police, the National Directorate of Criminal Investigation (DIRNIC– PNP) is the specialized unit responsible for neutralizing these organizations, where the undercover agent constitutes a key operational tool for the infiltration and dismantling of these networks. However, this research shows that its application lacks clear and standardized procedures. Based on regulatory analysis, interviews with specialized police officers and prosecutors involved in organized crime investigations, and the review of comparative experiences, empirical practices, dispersed criteria, and critical risks to the safety of pólice personnel were identified. This situation calls into question the effectiveness of the technique and explains its limited operational deployment. In response, this study proposes the Standard Operating Procedure for the Undercover Agent (POE-AE), colloquially referred to as “Juan Pérez”, which seeks to ensure legality, traceability, police–prosecutor coordination, and comprehensive protection of the agent. To achieve this, a roadmap is established that covers both its institutional approval and operational deployment. To ensure its progressive implementation, the annexes include the technical instruments supporting the proposal, including the indicator matrix, the implementation schedule and critical milestones of the project, as well as the budget estimation, the proposal for interinstitutional coordination through cooperation agreements (MOUs), the pilot plan with its change management strategy, and the instruments used to validate the proposal.
In Peru, organized crime has reached a level of sophistication that challenges the operational capacity of the State and puts at risk the integrity of those who confront it. Within the Peruvian National Police, the National Directorate of Criminal Investigation (DIRNIC– PNP) is the specialized unit responsible for neutralizing these organizations, where the undercover agent constitutes a key operational tool for the infiltration and dismantling of these networks. However, this research shows that its application lacks clear and standardized procedures. Based on regulatory analysis, interviews with specialized police officers and prosecutors involved in organized crime investigations, and the review of comparative experiences, empirical practices, dispersed criteria, and critical risks to the safety of pólice personnel were identified. This situation calls into question the effectiveness of the technique and explains its limited operational deployment. In response, this study proposes the Standard Operating Procedure for the Undercover Agent (POE-AE), colloquially referred to as “Juan Pérez”, which seeks to ensure legality, traceability, police–prosecutor coordination, and comprehensive protection of the agent. To achieve this, a roadmap is established that covers both its institutional approval and operational deployment. To ensure its progressive implementation, the annexes include the technical instruments supporting the proposal, including the indicator matrix, the implementation schedule and critical milestones of the project, as well as the budget estimation, the proposal for interinstitutional coordination through cooperation agreements (MOUs), the pilot plan with its change management strategy, and the instruments used to validate the proposal.
Description
Keywords
Operaciones policiales encubiertas--Perú, Crimen organizado--Peru, Investigación criminal--Perú, Administración pública
Citation
Chaparro Sanchez, I. S., Diaz Salazar, B., Rengifo Ocampo, G. C., & Capcha Sotelo, E. I. (2026). Ausencia de procedimientos claros y estandarizados para la aplicación de la técnica especial agente encubierto previsto en la Ley N.º 30077 en la Dirección Nacional de Investigación Criminal de la PNP, en Lima Metropolitana, 2024-2025 [Trabajo de investigación, Universidad del Pacífico]. Repositorio de la Universidad del Pacífico. https://hdl.handle.net/11354/7330