El rol del Compliance en las FINTECHS de cambio de divisas: un enfoque más allá del SPLAFT (Sistema de Prevención de Lavado de Activos y Financiamiento del Terrorismo) para la prevención de delitos financieros
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Date
2025-01-17
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Universidad del Pacífico
Abstract
En los últimos años, el Perú ha implementado normativas para poder batallar contra organizaciones criminales que realizan delitos a través de la actividad empresarial. Se ha dado énfasis en regular aquellas cuyas actividades son más susceptibles a este mal. Dentro del marco regulatorio peruano, la Resolución SBS N°789-2018 es el máximo ejemplar de ello; porque, se indica expresamente cuáles son los Sujetos Obligados que deben cumplir con implementar un Sistema de Prevención de Lavado de Activos y Financiamiento del Terrorismo (SPLAFT). Las casas de cambio son parte del listado que señala la norma. Por otro lado, la inclusión financiera y el avance de la tecnología han desarrollado la creación de empresas que ofrecen servicios financieros digitales que complementan la intermediación financiera ofrecida por la banca tradicional. Estas empresas son conocidas como FinTech y prestan servicios financieros determinados, siendo uno de ellos el cambio de divisas. Es así que la Resolución SBS N° 789-2018 es de obligatorio cumplimiento para este tipo de FinTechs. No obstante, solamente la implementación de un SPLAFT es insuficiente. El mercado de divisas cada día se está volviendo imprescindible para otros rubros, debido a que se transan miles de soles y dólares diarios para diversos fines (pagos a proveedores, pagos a trabajadores, compra-venta de diversos activos muebles o inmuebles, etc). Es en este contexto que las casas de cambio físicas están migrando a ser digitales para mayor comodidad de los clientes. Pero, conlleva a un peligro latente: ser utilizadas para la comisión de delitos económicos regulados bajo la Ley N°30424 y su reglamento, que brinda mecanismos de control y mitigación a estos riesgos. Actualmente, no es obligatoria para las personas jurídicas; por lo que no es tomada en cuenta por las casas de cambio. El presente trabajo explorará los temas señalados y otorgará una solución como herramienta de concatenación para la implementación del SPLAFT y la Ley N°30424 para las FinTechs cambio de divisas.
In recent years, Peru has implemented regulations aimed at combating criminal organizations that commit offenses through business activities. Special emphasis has been placed on regulating those whose activities are most susceptible to such misconduct. Within Peru’s regulatory framework, Resolution SBS No. 789-2018 stands out as a key example. It explicitly identifies the Obligated Subjects required to implement a System for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (SPLAFT). Currency exchange houses are included in the list outlined by this regulation. On the other hand, financial inclusion and technological advancements have driven the emergence of companies offering digital financial services that complement the financial intermediation provided by traditional banking. These companies, known as FinTechs, provide specific financial services, one of which is currency exchange. Consequently, compliance with Resolution SBS No. 789-2018 is mandatory for this type of FinTechs. However, implementing a SPLAFT alone is insufficient. The foreign exchange market is becoming increasingly indispensable across various industries, as thousands of soles and dollars are traded daily for different purposes, such as payments to suppliers, employee wages, or the purchase and sale of various assets, both movable and immovable. In this context, physical currency exchange houses are transitioning to digital platforms to provide greater convenience to their customers. Nevertheless, this shift poses a latent risk: being used for committing economic crimes regulated under Law No. 30424 and its regulations, which provide control mechanisms and risk mitigation measures. Currently, compliance with this law is not mandatory for legal entities, and as such, it is not considered by currency exchange houses. This study will explore these issues and propose a solution as a tool to integrate the implementation of SPLAFT and Law No. 30424 for currency exchange FinTechs.
In recent years, Peru has implemented regulations aimed at combating criminal organizations that commit offenses through business activities. Special emphasis has been placed on regulating those whose activities are most susceptible to such misconduct. Within Peru’s regulatory framework, Resolution SBS No. 789-2018 stands out as a key example. It explicitly identifies the Obligated Subjects required to implement a System for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (SPLAFT). Currency exchange houses are included in the list outlined by this regulation. On the other hand, financial inclusion and technological advancements have driven the emergence of companies offering digital financial services that complement the financial intermediation provided by traditional banking. These companies, known as FinTechs, provide specific financial services, one of which is currency exchange. Consequently, compliance with Resolution SBS No. 789-2018 is mandatory for this type of FinTechs. However, implementing a SPLAFT alone is insufficient. The foreign exchange market is becoming increasingly indispensable across various industries, as thousands of soles and dollars are traded daily for different purposes, such as payments to suppliers, employee wages, or the purchase and sale of various assets, both movable and immovable. In this context, physical currency exchange houses are transitioning to digital platforms to provide greater convenience to their customers. Nevertheless, this shift poses a latent risk: being used for committing economic crimes regulated under Law No. 30424 and its regulations, which provide control mechanisms and risk mitigation measures. Currently, compliance with this law is not mandatory for legal entities, and as such, it is not considered by currency exchange houses. This study will explore these issues and propose a solution as a tool to integrate the implementation of SPLAFT and Law No. 30424 for currency exchange FinTechs.
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Keywords
Delitos económicos--Prevención, Industria de servicios financieros--Aspectos legales, Responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, Derecho
Citation
García Garay, P. P. (2025). El rol del Compliance en las FINTECHS de cambio de divisas: un enfoque más allá del SPLAFT (Sistema de Prevención de Lavado de Activos y Financiamiento del Terrorismo) para la prevención de delitos financieros [Trabajo de suficiencia profesional, Universidad del Pacífico]. Repositorio de la Universidad del Pacífico. https://hdl.handle.net/11354/6101