Los costos y beneficios de innovar: evidencia causal de los programas y servicios públicos de innovación en el desempeño de las empresas manufactureras peruanas
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Date
2026-01
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Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales
Abstract
El estudio evalúa el impacto de los programas públicos de apoyo a la innovación y los servicios tecnológicos en el desempeño empresarial de firmas peruanas, utilizando microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Innovación en la Industria Manufacturera y Empresas de Servicios Intensivas en Conocimiento (ENIIMESIC) 2018 y el estimador Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment (IPWRA). Este enfoque doblemente robusto permite identificar efectos causales del tratamiento bajo el supuesto de independencia condicional. Los resultados muestran un panorama heterogéneo: los programas impulsaron significativamente la innovación y las exportaciones, pero no se asociaron a mejoras inmediatas en las ventas internas. En promedio, las empresas beneficiarias exhiben una probabilidad 19 p.p. mayor de introducir innovaciones de producto o proceso, y un incremento superior al 100 % en exportaciones respecto a las no tratadas. Sin embargo, se observa una reducción promedio del 31 % en ventas y una menor concentración de ingresos en el producto principal, lo que sugiere procesos de diversificación productiva acompañados de ajustes transitorios. Al diferenciar por tipo de intervención, los subsidios a la innovación presentan efectos más marcados en innovación de producto y exportaciones, mientras los servicios tecnológicos destacan por su influencia en innovación de proceso y diversificación. Estos resultados reflejan un posible trade-off temporal entre actividades innovativas y desempeño comercial de corto plazo. Desde una perspectiva de política pública, los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de coordinar los instrumentos de apoyo, reforzar el acompañamiento posterior y aprovechar el seguimiento de la próxima ENIIMESIC 2025 para evaluar la sostenibilidad de los efectos observados.
This study assesses the impact of public programs supporting innovation and technological services on the business performance of Peruvian firms, using microdata from the National Innovation Survey in the Manufacturing Industry and Knowledge-Intensive Service Firms (Eniimesic) 2018 and the Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment (IPWRA) estimator. This doubly robust approach allows identifying causal effects of treatment under the conditional independence assumption. Results reveal a heterogeneous landscape: public programs significantly enhanced innovation and exports but did not lead to immediate improvements in domestic sales. On average, beneficiary firms exhibit a 19-percentage-point higher likelihood of introducing product or process innovations and more than a 100% increase in exports compared to non-beneficiaries. However, a 31% reduction in sales and a lower concentration of revenues in the main product are observed, suggesting productive diversification processes accompanied by short-term adjustments. When distinguishing by intervention type, innovation subsidies show stronger effects on product innovation and exports, while technological services primarily foster process innovation and diversification. These findings indicate a potential short-term trade-off between innovative activities and commercial performance. From a public policy perspective, the results highlight the need for better coordination among support instruments, stronger post-program follow-up, and the use of the upcoming ENIIMESIC 2025 survey to assess the persistence and sustainability of these effects.
This study assesses the impact of public programs supporting innovation and technological services on the business performance of Peruvian firms, using microdata from the National Innovation Survey in the Manufacturing Industry and Knowledge-Intensive Service Firms (Eniimesic) 2018 and the Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment (IPWRA) estimator. This doubly robust approach allows identifying causal effects of treatment under the conditional independence assumption. Results reveal a heterogeneous landscape: public programs significantly enhanced innovation and exports but did not lead to immediate improvements in domestic sales. On average, beneficiary firms exhibit a 19-percentage-point higher likelihood of introducing product or process innovations and more than a 100% increase in exports compared to non-beneficiaries. However, a 31% reduction in sales and a lower concentration of revenues in the main product are observed, suggesting productive diversification processes accompanied by short-term adjustments. When distinguishing by intervention type, innovation subsidies show stronger effects on product innovation and exports, while technological services primarily foster process innovation and diversification. These findings indicate a potential short-term trade-off between innovative activities and commercial performance. From a public policy perspective, the results highlight the need for better coordination among support instruments, stronger post-program follow-up, and the use of the upcoming ENIIMESIC 2025 survey to assess the persistence and sustainability of these effects.
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Keywords
Innovaciones tecnológicas--Política gubernamental--Perú, Industrias manufactureras--Perú, Productividad industrial--Perú
Citation
Cortez Flores , J. L. (2026). Los costos y beneficios de innovar: evidencia causal de los programas y servicios públicos de innovación en el desempeño de las empresas manufactureras peruanas. Journal of Business, Universidad Del Pacífico (Lima, Peru), 17(1), 161-200. https://doi.org/10.21678/jb.2026.2858