Journal of Business
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Item The state presence in the firm and the state presence in the export destination economy: a Colombian firm's análisis(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-07) Vega Salas, William GonzaloThis research analyses the relationship between state presence within firms and state presence in export destination economies; and the moderating role of export diversification in the relationship between these two manifestations of state presence. It presents the hypothesis that these is a positive relationship between state presence within firms and state pres-ence in the export destination economy, and that export diversification has a negative moderating role. Despite the ongoing process of marketization, liberalization, and privatization in emerging economies, the presence of the state within a firm enhances the ability to export, especially to countries with a high state presence. However, when such a firm exports to several destinations, it reduces its export to countries with a high state presence. The study was based on institutional theory and data from Colombian firms, from 2009 to 2016.Item Automatización, sostenibilidad y digitalización en el Puerto del Callao: exploración de las operaciones del Muelle Sur durante el período 2019-2022(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-07) Chávez Casimiro, Lesly Graciela; Mesia, Ron; Moscoso Cuaresma, Julio RicardoThis research aims to ascertain the impact of automation and sustainability on operations and the implications of digitalization at the South Dock of the DP World Port of Callao between 2019 and 2022. A two-stage mixed structure methodology with a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is used to assess the relative efficiency of the decision-making units, while a Tobit regression is employed to compare coefficients to determine the significance of the variables. The results provided a comprehensive insight into the dock's performance, showing that digitalization significantly affected supply chain efficiency and. However, the study also highlighted the importance of addressing challenges related to workers' adaptation to new technologies and effective coordination between different actors involved in managing the port supply chain. Collectively, these results offer a deeper understanding of the beneficial influence of digitalization on port operations, highlighting the significance of policies that promote a smooth transition to digital technology in developing nations like Peru.Item El impacto del mercado de derivados sobre el crecimiento económico en Argentina, México, Brasil, China, Japón y Estados Unidos durante el período 2001-2021(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-07) Madero Galaviz, Santiago Elías; Mata Mata , Leovardo; Tovar Rocha, Luis ManuelEn este artículo se encuentra evidencia de una relación positiva entre el volumen operado de derivados en un mercado organizado de derivados y el crecimiento económico. Este hallazgo sugiere que la actividad en los mercados de derivados, tanto en economías desarrolladas como en la región latinoamericana, puede contribuir al aumento del producto interno bruto (PIB). Estos resultados se encuentran mediante la implementación de un panel VAR, donde se verifica causalidad en el sentido de Granger, cointegración y estacionariedad, lo que arroja evidencia en los horizontes de corto y largo plazo. Los hallazgos contribuyen a la comprensión del impacto del mercado de derivados sobre la economía real.Item Evaluating intention to quit measurement instruments: a comparative analysis of validated scales(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-07) Cuevas Lopez, Carina; Marin-Garcia , Juan A.; Martinez-Tomas, JuanThis study presents a systematic review of measurement scales for employee turnover intention, focusing on identifying validated instruments suitable for public service contexts and Spanish-language environments. Through an analysis of papers indexed in the WoS and Scopus databases, we identified and evaluated four primary measurement scales: the staying/leaving index (Bluedorn, 1982), Hom and Griffeth's 1-item scale (1998), the Crossley 5-item scale (2007), and the proximal withdrawal states scale (Hom et al., 2012). The review encompassed analysis of theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches, and validation studies, with special attention paid to construct validity and cross-cultural adaptations. Our findings indicate a historical evolution from simple, direct measurement approaches to multi-dimensional frameworks. The comparative analysis of scale items revealed varying approaches to temporal framing and response formats, with implications for measurement accuracy and practical utility. While traditional scales focus primarily on immediate leaving intentions (the focus in this paper), newer instruments incorporate broader contextual factors and motivational states. However, we identified a significant gap in validated Spanish-language instruments and public sector-specific measures. This review provides a foundation for selecting appropriate measurement tools and highlights the need for further validation studies in specific cultural and organizational contexts.Item Investment in training as a determinant of intangible value: human resources sustainability model(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-07) García-Zambrano , LidiaHuman capital refers to the set of skills, competencies, knowledge, and experience that generate value within the business framework. This form of capital can also lend a competitive advantage for many companies and is often their most valuable resource. Accordingly, training is one of the critical factors determining an organization's effectiveness. The success of any human resources strategy, incorporating training activities should be measured by what it contributes to the achievement of the organization's stakeholders. Therefore, the analysis and management of these dimensions necessary and important to increase company value. The main objective of this paper is to propose a model that analyzes the influence that accumulated investment in employee training has on the total value of company intangibles. A simple linear regression model is applied to Spanish IBEX 35-listed companies, and results show that a significant investment in human resources is reflected in improved and more sustainable results in the company's future market value.Item Capacidad de marketing en Latinoamérica: una revisión sistemática de literatura(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-07) Hernani Merino, Martín; Lorenzo, Xiomara; Tello-Gamarra, JorgeLa presente investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el estado actual del conocimiento sobre la capacidad de marketing en Latinoamérica. Para ello, el método usado fue la revisión sistemática de literatura en tres bases de datos (Scopus, Web of Science y ScienceDirect). Después de aplicar un conjunto de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 18 estudios. Las contribuciones de este estudio son cuatro. Primero, se analizó la evolución de este campo de investigación, identificando su frecuencia de publicación, la procedencia de los autores y las revistas utilizadas. La segunda contribución fue la identificación de las bases teóricas de administración que han guiado el estudio de la capacidad de marketing en Latinoamérica, siendo estas: visión basada en recursos, capacidades dinámicas, teoría institucional, teoría ambidiestra y teoría de la convergencia-divergencia. La tercera contribución fue la identificación de cinco dimensiones usadas para medir la capacidad de marketing en Latinoamérica: eficiencia, planeamiento, proceso de preventa del producto, proceso de venta del producto y proceso posventa del producto. La cuarta contribución fue la presentación de una agenda de investigación.Item Diseño y análisis de viabilidad operativa de un canal mixto para la comercialización de alimentos frescos conectando a productores y clientes en Cochabamba, Bolivia(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-07) Agreda Terrazas, Evelyn Clara; Padilla Castillo, Javier Donaldo; Da Silva Ovando, AgathaEste documento presenta el diseño de un canal mixto para establecer una conexión directa entre el productor de alimentos frescos y distintos mercados consumidores en el departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia. El objetivo general de esta iniciativa es diseñar un canal mixto para la recepción y entrega de alimentos frescos, considerando la demanda de los hogares y del sector Horeca (hoteles, restaurantes, cafés) en la ciudad. Para ello, se realizó la recolección de datos mediante entrevistas y encuestas, considerando al productor, los intermediarios y los consumidores (hogares y sector Horeca). En el diseño del canal, se determinó la ubicación de los puntos de distribución en las comunas que corresponden a la zona central y norte, así como un centro de almacenamiento y distribución. Para el diseño del modelo de distribución, se consideraron opciones mixtas. El algoritmo de compra en línea y recogida en tienda (BOPS) modelará la conexión entre productores y puntos de conveniencia en la ciudad. En complemento, se empleará un algoritmo heurístico para el problema de rutas de vehículos (VRP), el cual definirá rutas óptimas de entrega al canal Horeca y, además, de entrega a los puntos recogida (pickup points) para los hogares. Esto establecerá un canal de distribución directa para frutas y verduras, considerando no solo el proceso dentro del centro de distribución, sino también la determinación de la ruta más eficiente para la entrega, basándose en las necesidades de los consumidores.Item The influence of electronic word-of-mouth in business research: identifying main topics and actors(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-01) Herzallah, Doaa AmPurpose: The primary goal of this research is to do a systematic review from 2012 to 2022, investigating how the electronic word of mouth is interconnected and their overall research influence. Design/Methodology/Approach: Visualize scientific production employing the Web of Science database and VOS viewer. This study analysed 1449 papers (2012-2022) in Business Economics, identifying influential authors, areas, countries, and journals Co-occurrence of keywords, co-authorship, citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-citation analysis. Findings: This research shed light on the specific aspects of electronic that have gained significant attention and investigation, as well as the global distribution of scholarly contributions, suggesting new areas for further exploration. The main results also reveal that electronic word of mouth is one of the most important topics in Business, Management, and Marketing research. This study bridges knowledge gaps by conducting a thorough thematic evaluation and using systematic analysis to provide a more comprehensive picture of electronic word-of-mouth research across the years. The results provide insight into the development of electronic word of mouth and open up new avenues for study in this area. Originality: Researchers are captivated by the rising significance of Electronic Word-of-Mouth (E-WOM) in the digital age because of its multidisciplinary nature, practical implications for marketing strategies, and dynamic interaction with technology. Thus, a thorough analysis of electronic word-of-mouth research is required, in addition to covering themes from the past, present, and future, studying new aspects of electronic word-of-mouth.Item The influence of investor experience on investment intensity and risk assumption in crowdlending: an empirical study(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-01) Albort-Morant, Gema; Berenguer, Emma; Sanchís-Pedregosa, CarlosThis study explores the dynamics of investor behavior in the context of Peer-to-Business (P2B) crowdlending, focusing on how investor experience influences their investment intensity and risk assumption. Utilizing data from the Spanish P2B lending platform MytripleA, the research analyzes the investment patterns of 1340 private investors across 798 loans. The study investigates the relationship between the length of investors' experience and their propensity to fund a larger number of projects and to undertake higher risk investments. It addresses key hypotheses that posit a positive correlation between investor experience and the decision to increase investment intensity and risk level. The methodology integrates a robust Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural equation modeling to validate the proposed relationships. Results indicate that experienced investors tend to diversify their investment portfolios by engaging in riskier projects, confirming the hypothesized positive relationships. These findings contribute to the understanding of investor behavior in crowdlending, offering insights for platform operators and potential investors regarding investment strategies and risk management. The study also highlights the importance of investor experience in influencing investment decisions, underlining its role in the dynamic and evolving landscape of crowdlending.Item La triple cuenta de resultados en el turismo idiomático(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-01) Ceballos-Hernández, Cristina; Alfalla-Luque, RafaelaEl desarrollo sostenible del turismo idiomático se debe apoyar en el uso de indicadores específicos capaces de medir los aspectos económicos, sociales y medioambientales relacionados con la actividad del sector, en línea con el concepto de triple bottom line (TBL). Esta necesidad va en consonancia con el objetivo 12 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), que determina la importancia de informar adecuadamente en estos ámbitos, permitiendo gestionar, planificar y controlar las actuaciones y resultados por parte de stakeholders y empresas. Ante la necesidad de determinar indicadores específicos para este turismo, se ha realizado un análisis de publicaciones científicas sobre este tema, y se han revi¬sado informes, estudios y publicaciones procedentes de diversas fuentes y organismos oficiales, tanto públicos como privados. En el trabajo se identifican los principales factores del turismo idiomático y se proponen una serie de indicadores para la medición de su impacto económico, social y medioambiental. Por último, se realiza un análisis DAFO del sector. El trabajo tiene claras implicaciones para gestores de empresas de turismo idiomático, así como autoridades políticas, que tendrán una base de indicadores de referencia para determinar el triple impacto del turismo idiomático. Se contribuye, así, a garantizar que estas actividades sean socialmente responsables, respetuosas con el medio ambiente y contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible de las regiones visitadas.Item Guinea pig breeding, consumption, prices, and exports in Peru: what do the statistical sources say?(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-01) Leiva Cárdenas, FavioThis article aims to compile and estimate the stock, breeding, and consumption of guinea pigs in Peru from a long-term perspective, using data from agricultural censuses and a market perspective based on household surveys, agricultural surveys, and export data. The objective is to provide a quantitative and market-oriented approach to the current situation of guinea pig breeding and consumption in Peru. The guinea pig is an important source of protein and holds significant historical and cultural value, as it was one of the first animals domesticated in pre-Hispanic times. The results reveal a lack of diversification in export markets, which are primarily concentrated in the United States. Additionally, it is revealed that companies exporting guinea pigs are often multiproduct exporters for which guinea pig is not the main product but a complementary one. Despite the significant price increases in the Peruvian agricultural sector, it is not evident that breeders directly benefit from this rise due to the high level of self-consumption. As regards sales, the main places where consumers buy guinea pigs are retail markets and street vendors. Therefore, a strategy focused on selling large quantities of guinea pigs should consider retail markets, while a strategy targeting higher prices but lower volumes could focus on exports and sales to restaurants, which have higher prices but lower sales volumes in kilograms. This study also finds that sales of guinea pigs are more regular than self-consumption. The main contribution of this article is to offer different estimates of guinea pig sales, consumption, and stock based on agricultural censuses, agricultural surveys, and household surveys, opening up the possibility for similar research on other important animal stocks. This can allow entre¬preneurs, researchers, and policymakers to make more realistic projections and ground-based strategies to generate value and promote welfare. Under¬standing the sales and consumption patterns of these animals will help improve productivity policies and market integration for those engaged in livestock breeding.Item Efecto de las certificaciones voluntarias sobre las agroexportaciones no tradicionales en el Perú(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-01) Horna Arrieta, Marialexandra; Mendoza Natividad, Bertha LucíaEl presente trabajo analiza el aporte de las certificaciones privadas voluntarias, enfocándose en GlobalGAP, sobre el desempeño de las agroexportaciones no tradicionales en el Perú. El objetivo principal es comprobar si la tenencia de dichas certificaciones mejora el valor de exportación de las firmas peruanas. La hipótesis central es que las certificaciones privadas voluntarias se correlacionan positivamente con un mayor valor de exportación. El modelo teórico examina la relación entre los determinantes para obtener el certificado GlobalGAP y sus beneficios, evaluando la variación porcentual del valor de exportación de las empresas en dólares. El análisis emplea el modelo de emparejamiento por puntajes de propensión (PSM) y un estimador de diferencias en diferencias (DID) para evaluar el efecto en el valor de las exportaciones entre empresas certificadas y no certificadas. Los resultados muestran que, si bien la certificación GlobalGAP contribuye positivamente al valor de las exportaciones, este efecto no se extiende a las microempresas. Este trabajo aporta nueva evidencia empírica a la literatura sobre el Perú, proporcionando datos que pueden utilizarse para diseñar políticas públicas. Los resultados encontrados respaldan la promoción de certificaciones en el sector agroexportador, fomentando las agroexportaciones peruanas en el mercado internacional y fortaleciendo la competitividad de la actividad agrícola local.Item Relationships among organizational culture, person-organization fit, work engagement, subjective well-being, and performance: a bibliometric approach(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-01) Rey-Tienda, Sierra; Ariza-Montes, José Antonio; Leal-Rodríguez, Antonio LuisThis study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on the alignment of organizational values, person–organization fit, work engagement, and subjective wellbeing. Utilizing the Web of Science core collection, we examined 152 relevant publications to understand the intellectual structure, evolution, and emerging trends in this interdisciplinary field. The analysis highlights the significant contributions from diverse disciplines, including psychology and business economics, and identifies key research clusters and influential authors. Our findings reveal that alignment of organizational values and person–organization fit are crucial for enhancing employee engagement, satisfaction, and overall well-being, which in turn improve organizational performance. The study also underscores the importance of fostering strong organizational cultures to support employee health and productivity. Furthermore, the research identifies gaps in the current literature, particularly in the underrepresentation of Asian contexts, and suggests the need for future studies to incorporate quantitative methodologies and explore multidisciplinary approaches. This analysis serves as a valuable resource for academics and professionals seeking to advance their understanding of the interplay between organizational culture, employee fit, engagement, and well-being, providing insights for strategic decision-making and potential collaborations in the field. The robustness and reliability of the results are ensured through the use of recognized bibliometric tools such as VoSviewer and established databases like the Web of Science.Item Talent acquisition and retention policies for generation Z in family business(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2025-01) Esteve Seguí, Guillem; Orero-Blat, MariaIn today’s business environment, talent management has become a crucial discipline for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. This study focuses on the talent acquisition and retention policies of Generation Z in Spanish family businesses, a significant sector in the country’s economy. Using a mixed approach of qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, it explores the perceptions of managers and young employees on talent management policies. The results reveal that although many companies implement effective practices, there are significant differences in adapting to generational change. Factors such as fluid communication, continuous training and the inclusion of employees in strategic decision-making are key to the retention of young talent. In addition, job flexibility and a work environment that reflects the values of Generation Z are essential. This study contributes to both the theory and practice of human resource management, providing recommendations for improving the retention and satisfaction of young employees. Practical implications include the need for regular policy audits, the development of mentoring programs, and the implementation of regular satisfaction surveys to align with employee expectations.Item Leadership of Latin American women in the professional scientific and research context: an exploration based on the gender gap(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2023) Vega Osuna, Luis Alfredo; Alvarado-Peña, Lisandro José; Vega Esparza, Reina Margarita; Murillo Castro, Ignacia; Muñoz Castorena, Rodolfo Valentín; Amaya Sauceda, Rosas AmadeoGender equality is clearly framed by and defined in the knowledge society in particular. Struggles towards all goals in this regard unfold in the context of a large gender gap and unequal distribution of power. These are circumstances in which women are clearly disadvantaged, facing obstacles in every aspect of their lives: family, relationships, education, and, therefore, work. Occupying senior leadership roles in institutions related to science and research remains an arduous task. The study takes a descriptive and analytical approach, drawing on official documents by international agencies such as UN, UNESCO, UN WOMEN, ECLAC, WB, IDB, and CODS as well as specialist websites. Title searches were carried out and variables identified through key words and phrases in recently published scientific articles found in open-access databases and scientific journals such as Scopus, WOS, SciELO, Redalyc. It found that intensive assertion of claims has resulted in the enshrinement of many women’s rights, the unconditional support of an array of international organizations, advances in narrowing the gender gap, and the positioning and leadership of women in professional scientific contexts, as part of the broader pursuit of parity between men and women.Item Estructuración de problemas en la toma de decisiones: un análisis bibliométrico(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2023) Sanchez-Valenzuela, Kenia; Gastélum Chavira, Diego Alonso; Ballardo-Cárdenas, Denisse; Valenzuela Flores, VictorianaLa bibliometría es un campo de investigación que analiza cuantitativamente el material bibliográfico. Para ello, este articulo propone un análisis bibliométrico de la estructuración del problema para la toma de decisiones entre el año 1980 y 2019, utilizando la base de datos Web of Science para recolectar la información científica. El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar los indicadores bibliométricos incluyendo el número de total de publicaciones y citas, y h-index, así como, autores, países, universidades, fuentes y categorías. Los resultados muestran la pertinencia del tema de estudio, el cual fue en aumento en el año 1990, siendo 2018 y 2019 los años con mayor producción científica. Así mismo, los países Estados Unidos y Londres son los que cuentan con mayor producción de documentos en el tema y clave en la red de colaboradores. El articulo puede ser de utilidad para investigadores y estudiantes que quieran profundizar en el tema, brindando una ayuda para construir un marco teórico sólido. Se utilizó el software Vosviewer como herramienta para construir y visualizar redes bibliométricas.Item Revolutionizing marketing: unveiling the quantum theory of consumer engagement(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2023) Torres Torres, Camila Dayanna; Patiño Maussa, Andrés Juan; Gómez-Bayona, LedyMarketing is a discipline that takes place in the transformation of an idea or visualization of how a business takes place in the market, being almost the perfect analysis of every little detail that can lead you to find those troubles that can be damaging to the business; must help potentialize the product or service marketing is probably the most competitive relationship in the market. This is because of the evaluation of competitors that we have to develop to perform a robust marketing plan and how this can be projected as if it was a fundamental part of the market, saying that far away from trying to convince a client to buy a product, is how emotionally and neurologically examined are being society, to be manipulated into believing these ideas that have been sold to them by the media, government, influencers and even economic status. The article aims to understand how companies manipulate customers into buying not just a product but also the client experience. It compiles global companies' experiences, starting from customer comments to data analysis and Neuromarketing strategies implemented by companies, governments, and states to formulate their plans and achieve their desired markets. Marketing is no longer just a tool, but a vital component in any market.Item The teacher as a source of student inspiration: a qualitative study in a business school(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2023) Mayorga Gutiérrez, David; Hernani Merino, Martín; Yompian, MarianaTeachers are an important source of inspiration for their students. Although educational research considers inspiration to be an important motivational construct that generates positive results for students, the different conceptual interpretations of the construct have made its study difficult. This situation is accentuated in the context of Latin America, due to the scarcity of empirical studies that contribute to its understanding. Considering the teacher as a source of inspiration and based on the inspiration model of Thrash & Elliot (2003, 2004), this study seeks to understand how students experience inspiration. Twenty university students were interviewed about their experiences of inspiration about their professors. The interviews were evaluated through thematic analysis. The results revealed 5 themes that highlight the characteristics of the inspiring teacher. Additionally, the thematic analyzes verified the existence of the three characteristics of the inspiration model (evocation: 1 theme, transcendence: 3 themes, and motivation: 4 themes). The study contributes by laying the foundations for formulating a guide that characterizes the inspiring teacher. As well as formulate positive insights focused on the characteristics of inspiration that allow students to transcend professionally through their university studies.Item Financial leverage and value creation by textile manufacturing SMEs in the city of Bogotá(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2023) Ducón Salas, Julio Cesar; Cely Torres, AndreaGiven that the initial purpose of any company is to grow and last, external financing is considered, by definition, as a means to achieve short and long-term objectives. However, the input of these resources is often used to cover deficit situations, which does not always improve their results or lead to the objectives that have been established. In this sense, the article presents an analysis of the financial leverage of five textile manufacturing companies and their relationship with a group of risk indicators. Furthermore, this relationship was characterized by a group of financial and operational drivers. Said analysis was carried out with a quantitative approach based on the financial statements of these companies, which were the raw material to prepare the aforementioned study. The research process concluded that leverage, contrary to what was expected in the selected sample, was more related to negative results than to capital growth, an aspect that is corroborated with the characterization by means of financial and operational inductors.Item Validation of a scale for the evaluation of the dimensions of short break tourist destination(Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, 2023) Hamann, Antonieta; Hernani Merino, Martín; Tarazona Vargas, Enver GeraldThe present study’s aim is to design, construct and validate an instrument that allows for the measurement of the dimensions for short break tourist destination. The instrument was comprised of 29 items that were applied to 400 university students from diverse undergraduate in Lima, Peru through a convenience sampling. The analysis of the psychometric properties of the instruments and the construction of the perception scale of the short break destinations was carried out through application of Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Graduated Response Model from Item Response Theory. The results show a valid and reliable scale to measure a short break tourist destination. Moreover, show that evaluated individuals tend to positively rate the attributes of the short break destinations they have visited and that tourist perceive the measured attributes as expected characteristic when they visit that destination. The scale proposed fills the gap to measure the dimensions that the visitor would like to find in a short break destination, to group the perception of the attributes that tourists seek in a holistic way. In so doing, the tourist will visit a place that is capable of meeting their expectations and that allows them to establish a link with the destination.