Déficit de recursos humanos en la categoría de suboficiales policías de armas para el servicio policial en seguridad ciudadana, a nivel nacional, en el año 2025
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Date
2026-05
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Publisher
Universidad del Pacífico
Abstract
El déficit de suboficiales de armas en la Policía Nacional del Perú (PNP) durante el año 2025, es considerado uno de los principales obstáculos para garantizar un adecuado servicio de seguridad ciudadana. La investigación identifica que, aunque la institución cuenta con 139 622 efectivos, solo 124 438 pertenecen a la categoría de suboficiales de armas y una parte significativa de ellos no realiza funciones operativas debido a asignaciones administrativas, custodia de locales y otras actividades no vinculadas al patrullaje ni a la prevención del delito. Esto reduce el número real de policías en las calles y limita la respuesta institucional frente al aumento de la delincuencia. Inicialmente, se presentan las causas fundamentales del déficit: limitaciones estructurales (desigualdad territorial, falta de autonomía institucional, injerencia política), problemas operativos (modelo reactivo de patrullaje, escasa capacitación, carencia logística), y deficiencias administrativas (rotación excesiva, ausencia de meritocracia, planificación deficiente). Además, se evidencia una fuerte concentración del personal en Lima y Callao, dejando otras regiones con dotaciones mínimas. Se cuantifica la brecha mediante proyecciones demográficas del Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) y estándares internacionales de presencia policial. Asimismo, se comparan modelos policiales de Latinoamérica y Estados Unidos, donde las academias formativas suelen ser más breves y especializadas. El análisis resalta que la formación de suboficiales en Perú no permite responder rápidamente a la demanda creciente, mientras que las escuelas de formación muestran limitaciones de cupo e infraestructura. También se revisa el fallido proyecto de creación de la Policía de Orden y Seguridad, que buscaba incorporar personal mediante formación acelerada. Finalmente, se formula la propuesta central de la investigación: crear una tercera categoría de personal policial de armas, denominada “Guardias”, con formación técnica intensiva de seis meses destinada exclusivamente a la custodia de instalaciones, puestos fronterizos y otros servicios estáticos. Este modelo liberaría aproximadamente 9000 suboficiales para labores operativas de patrullaje, investigación criminal y atención directa al ciudadano, concluyéndose que la propuesta es deseable, factible y viable. Su adopción permitiría mejorar significativamente la disponibilidad operativa de la PNP, optimizar la gestión de recursos humanos y fortalecer la seguridad ciudadana en el corto y mediano plazo.
The shortage of non-commissioned officers in the Peruvian National Police during 2025 is considered one of the main obstacles to guaranteeing adequate citizen security services. The research identifies that, although the institution has 139,622 personnel, only 124,438 belong to the non-commissioned officer category, and a significant portion of them do not perform operational duties due to administrative assignments, guarding premises, and other activities unrelated to patrolling or crime prevention. This reduces the actual number of police officers on the streets and limits the institutional response to the increase in crime. The fundamental causes of the shortage are initially presented: structural limitations (territorial inequality, lack of institutional autonomy, political interference), operational problems (reactive patrol model, insufficient training, logistical deficiencies), and administrative shortcomings (excessive turnover, lack of meritocracy, poor planning). Furthermore, a strong concentration of personnel in Lima and Callao is evident, leaving other regions with minimal staffing. The chapter quantifies the gap using demographic projections from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) and international standards for police presence. It also compares police models in Latin America and the United States, where training academies tend to be shorter and more specialized. The analysis highlights that the training of non-commissioned officers in Peru does not allow for a rapid response to growing demand, while training schools exhibit limitations in capacity and infrastructure. The failed project to create the Police of Order and Security, which sought to incorporate personnel through accelerated training, is also reviewed. Finally, the central proposal of the research is formulated: to create a third category of armed police personnel, called “Guards,” with six months of intensive technical training exclusively for the protection of facilities, border posts, and other static services. This model would free up approximately 9,000 non-commissioned officers for operational duties such as patrolling, criminal investigation, and direct citizen service. The conclusion is that the proposal is desirable, feasible, and viable. Its adoption would significantly improve the operational availability of the PNP, optimize human resource management, and strengthen citizen security in the short and medium term.
The shortage of non-commissioned officers in the Peruvian National Police during 2025 is considered one of the main obstacles to guaranteeing adequate citizen security services. The research identifies that, although the institution has 139,622 personnel, only 124,438 belong to the non-commissioned officer category, and a significant portion of them do not perform operational duties due to administrative assignments, guarding premises, and other activities unrelated to patrolling or crime prevention. This reduces the actual number of police officers on the streets and limits the institutional response to the increase in crime. The fundamental causes of the shortage are initially presented: structural limitations (territorial inequality, lack of institutional autonomy, political interference), operational problems (reactive patrol model, insufficient training, logistical deficiencies), and administrative shortcomings (excessive turnover, lack of meritocracy, poor planning). Furthermore, a strong concentration of personnel in Lima and Callao is evident, leaving other regions with minimal staffing. The chapter quantifies the gap using demographic projections from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) and international standards for police presence. It also compares police models in Latin America and the United States, where training academies tend to be shorter and more specialized. The analysis highlights that the training of non-commissioned officers in Peru does not allow for a rapid response to growing demand, while training schools exhibit limitations in capacity and infrastructure. The failed project to create the Police of Order and Security, which sought to incorporate personnel through accelerated training, is also reviewed. Finally, the central proposal of the research is formulated: to create a third category of armed police personnel, called “Guards,” with six months of intensive technical training exclusively for the protection of facilities, border posts, and other static services. This model would free up approximately 9,000 non-commissioned officers for operational duties such as patrolling, criminal investigation, and direct citizen service. The conclusion is that the proposal is desirable, feasible, and viable. Its adoption would significantly improve the operational availability of the PNP, optimize human resource management, and strengthen citizen security in the short and medium term.
Description
Keywords
Suboficiales de armas, Policía Nacional (Perú), Seguridad ciudadana, Administración pública
Citation
Campos Cepeda, N., Jacinto Fuentes, R. D., Moron Diaz, R. G., Ramirez Cabrera, A. H., & Salazar Paz, A. (2026). Déficit de recursos humanos en la categoría de suboficiales policías de armas para el servicio policial en seguridad ciudadana, a nivel nacional, en el año 2025 [Trabajo de investigación, Universidad del Pacífico]. Repositorio de la Universidad del Pacífico. https://hdl.handle.net/11354/7345