Propuesta de mejora de la planificación de compras para una empresa de agroindustria, nutrición y salud animal
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Date
2026-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad del Pacífico
Abstract
En una compañía peruana del sector de agroindustria, nutrición y salud animal se propone una mejora en el proceso de planificación de compras. La presente investigación se enfocará en la línea de productos de reventa de una de las unidades de negocio, la cual concentra el mayor porcentaje de facturación de la compañía. Dichos productos son importados y presentan una demanda altamente variable, generando desviaciones significativas entre lo planificado y la demanda real. Partiendo del análisis del proceso actual, se determinó que la metodología utilizada para el pronóstico de la demanda no es adecuada para el comportamiento de los productos, lo que trae problemas de sobre stock, roturas de stock, vencimientos de inventario, pérdida de ventas e incrementos en los costos logísticos por importaciones de emergencia. A raíz del análisis de los datos históricos de ventas, planificación y compras, se halló una desviación promedio de 46.03% entre la cantidad planificada y la cantidad demandada. La propuesta de solución se basa en el rediseño del proceso de planificación de compras, utilizando metodologías de pronóstico adecuadas para una demanda variable y herramientas tecnológicas para el análisis de datos, las cuales permiten automatizar y mejorar la precisión del forecast. Finalmente, con los resultados obtenidos del Valor Actual Neto (VAN) y la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR), se determina la viabilidad de la propuesta. Dichos resultados sustentan los beneficios económicos derivados de la reducción de costos por sobre stock, la recuperación de ventas por disminución de quiebres y la optimización de los costos logísticos. Además, para una mejora continua y toma de decisiones estratégicas, se plantea la formalización y documentación del nuevo proceso. Para resguardar la confidencialidad de la información de la empresa, los datos utilizados han sido tratados bajo criterios de anonimización y ajuste controlado por las autoras de la investigación.
An improvement in the purchase planning process is proposed for a Peruvian company in the agribusiness, nutrition, and animal health sector. This research will focus on the resale producto line of one of the business units, which concentrates the highest percentage of the company's turnover. These products are imported and present a highly variable demand, generating significant deviations between what is planned and the actual demand. Based on the analysis of the current process, it was determined that the methodology used for demand forecasting is not adequate for the behavior of the products, which brings problems of overstock, stockouts, inventory expirations, lost sales, and increases in logistical costs due to emergency importations. As a result of the analysis of historical sales, planning, and purchase data, an average deviation of 46.03% was found between the planned quantity and the demanded quantity. The proposed solution is based on the redesign of the purchase planning process, using forecasting methodologies suitable for a variable demand and technological tools for data analysis, which allow automating and improving the accuracy of the forecast. Finally, with the results obtained from the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the viability of the proposal is determined. These results sustain the economic benefits derived from the reduction of costs due to overstock, the recovery of sales due to the decrease in stockouts, and the optimization of logistical costs. In addition, for continuous improvement and strategic decision-making, the formalization and documentation of the new process is proposed. To safeguard the confidentiality of the company's information, the data used have been treated under criteria of anonymization and controlled adjustment by the authors of the research.
An improvement in the purchase planning process is proposed for a Peruvian company in the agribusiness, nutrition, and animal health sector. This research will focus on the resale producto line of one of the business units, which concentrates the highest percentage of the company's turnover. These products are imported and present a highly variable demand, generating significant deviations between what is planned and the actual demand. Based on the analysis of the current process, it was determined that the methodology used for demand forecasting is not adequate for the behavior of the products, which brings problems of overstock, stockouts, inventory expirations, lost sales, and increases in logistical costs due to emergency importations. As a result of the analysis of historical sales, planning, and purchase data, an average deviation of 46.03% was found between the planned quantity and the demanded quantity. The proposed solution is based on the redesign of the purchase planning process, using forecasting methodologies suitable for a variable demand and technological tools for data analysis, which allow automating and improving the accuracy of the forecast. Finally, with the results obtained from the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the viability of the proposal is determined. These results sustain the economic benefits derived from the reduction of costs due to overstock, the recovery of sales due to the decrease in stockouts, and the optimization of logistical costs. In addition, for continuous improvement and strategic decision-making, the formalization and documentation of the new process is proposed. To safeguard the confidentiality of the company's information, the data used have been treated under criteria of anonymization and controlled adjustment by the authors of the research.
Description
Keywords
Compras--Administración, Industria agrícola, Mejora de procesos, Ingeniería empresarial
Citation
Uriona Romero, M. E., & Yangali Torres, V. N. (2026). Propuesta de mejora de la planificación de compras para una empresa de agroindustria, nutrición y salud animal [Trabajo de suficiencia profesional, Universidad del Pacífico]. Repositorio de la Universidad del Pacífico. https://hdl.handle.net/11354/7139