Economía

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11354/2638

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Browsing Economía by browse.metadata.advisor "Kámiche Zegarra, Joanna Noelia"

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    Análisis de la existencia de efectos heterogéneos de la asociatividad en los beneficios agrícolas según el género
    (Universidad del Pacífico, 2025-12) Molina León, Nicole Camila; Portocarrero Polanco, Sebastian Steve; Kámiche Zegarra, Joanna Noelia
    Este estudio evalúa si la asociatividad agrícola —entendida como la pertenencia a organizaciones y mecanismos de acción colectiva— tiene un efecto diferenciado sobre la productividad en función del género del productor en el contexto peruano. Si bien la literatura previa ha documentado efectos positivos de la asociatividad sobre los resultados productivos, su interacción con desigualdades estructurales —particularmente aquellas vinculadas al género— ha sido escasamente abordada. En este contexto, la hipótesis central de este estudio plantea que las mujeres productoras podrían beneficiarse en mayor medida de la asociatividad, debido al cierre de la brecha en acceso a recursos clave, conocimiento técnico, redes comerciales, y conciliación de responsabilidades. Para examinar esta relación se emplean microdatos de los años 2022 y 2023 de la Encuesta Nacional Agropecuaria (ENA), a partir de los cuales se estima una función de producción translogarítmica mediante Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO) con efectos fijos, complementada con la metodología de Propensity Score Matching (PSM) para corregir el sesgo de selección observable. Al respecto, los resultados muestran un efecto heterogéneo positivo y estadísticamente significativo para las productoras, robusto frente a diferentes algoritmos de emparejamiento, especificaciones de caliper y pruebas de sensibilidad a variables no observadas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la asociatividad puede desempeñar un rol relevante en la reducción de brechas estructurales de género en el subsector agrícola peruano.
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    Capturing lessons for sustainable tourism planning and research: evidence and a call for a context-based management theory
    (Universidad del Pacífico, 2022-09) Rubiños Vieira, Cathy Alida; Guerrero Ochoa, Isabel Graciela; Kámiche Zegarra, Joanna Noelia
    Although Sustainable Tourism (ST) represents a positive approach for community development, its implementation is challenging. Institutional strategies may work well in one location but not in another, making it necessary to develop context-based ST management theory to provide some guidance for tourism development. Such theory can only be built with the accumulation of knowledge from cases where a combination of institutional arrangements and context-specific characteristics showed to be - or not – sustainable. We show, however, how ST research is fragmented, challenging the comparison of results. We adapt and propose The Coupled Infrastructure System Framework (CISF) as a tool for tourism research to integrate efforts. With its guidance, we perform a qualitative meta-analysis. Ninety case studies were systematically coded and analyzed to identify linkages between context characteristics, institutions, and outcomes. We found studies to have mostly positive (N=14), mostly negative (N=7), or mixed (N=69) ST outcomes. Our analysis suggests that five contextual characteristics are overall linked to negative outcomes: high tourists' affluence, preexisting asymmetries in the community, short and long (as opposed to medium) development stages, high seasonality, and foreign influence. We studied how developers avoid unsustainable outcomes with different institutional strategies in exceptional cases. We also found that when categorized by the degree of community involvement in tourism development, cases with the highest rates of positive social and environmental outcomes were those with the highest involvement level: communities are tourism developers. However, higher rates were found for positive economic outcomes when communities participated in the decision-making process but did not act as managers. This study contains theoretical contributions in identifying knowledge gaps, illustrating the adaptation of the CISF to ST research, and identifying thematic categories as possible causality of ST outcomes. Moreover, generated knowledge can assist tourism developers in the challenge of managing tourism sustainably.